7 Medical Worst Crime In History

 The progress of medical science can indeed save a life, but sometimes experiment conducted by scientists violate existing ethics. This is her seventh worst medical experiments involving human subjects.

As quoted by LiveScience, Friday (17/12/2010) there are 7 worst in the history of medical experimentation involving humans as subjects, namely:
1. Tuskegee Study
 

The study lasted for 40 years. According to the Center for disease control and prevention of the U.S., the health department launched a research on the health effects of untreated syphilis. Unfortunately this is not known to the participants, whether they received treatment or not syphilis.
Researchers track the progression of the disease in 399 black men in Alabama, including 201 healthy men. Scientists reveal the participants that diriya being treated as a 'bad blood'. These participants had never received adequate treatment, even until 1947 when penicillin became the choice of drugs for treating syphilis.

2. Studies of syphilis in Guatemala

  Between the years 1946-1948, the U.S. government and the Guatemalan conduct a joint study by deliberately infect syphilis in prisoners in Guatemala and the patient in a mental hospital. This study aims to test the chemicals that can prevent the spread of disease.
Researchers trying to infect the subject by way of him having sex with a prostitute who had been infected. Although syphilis was given the drug penicillin, but found no further treatment for these patients.
3. Surgical experiments on slaves
 

  People of modern gynecology, J Marion Sims much gain fame by performing experimental surgery on slave women. Sims experimented surgery without anesthesia (partial anesthesia has not been found), but he revealed that it was not painful enough. Whereas in the Journal of Medical Ethics written in 1993 to experiment with humans is not acceptable.
4. Burke and Hale's murder
 

  Until the 1830s the execution murders are relatively rare, so many experts anatomy of the human body to take or buy from the robbers. Until finally William Hale and his friend William Burke opened the entrepreneurial lodging and sell the body to be sold on the anatomist. As a result of these crimes Burke later hanged for his crimes.
5. The Monster Study
 

  In 1939 researchers wanted to prove the theory that stuttering behavior is caused by the anxiety of a child to speak. The researcher sat with the children orphans and said that these children show signs of stuttering and should not speak unless sure I can speak properly. This experiment makes the child that was normal to be anxious and became silent.
6. Japan's Unit 731
 

  Throughout the 1930s until the 1940s, the Japanese imperial army to do medical tests and biological warfare against the civilian population and most of China. The death toll from this brutal experimental unknown, but there may be 200,000 people.
The study involved infected wells cholera, typhus, lice and the prisoners lined up in cold weather to determine the best treatment for frostbite. Other atrocities were blindfolded prisoners with poison gas, and then inserted into the room until his eyes out and membedahnya while still alive and conscious.
7. Nazi medical experiments
 

  Perhaps the notorious experiments of all time is carried out by Josef Mengele, an SS doctor at Auschwitz, and he collects the eyes of the victims of his patients. These experiments using prisoners to test the treatment of infectious diseases and chemical warfare. While others are forced into low-pressure frozen in a room as a trial flight.

Meanwhile, an ad apula experiment with how to tie a woman's breasts with rope so that researchers bus amelihat how long a baby can survive with the hunger. Until finally the baby injected with lethal morphine to end his suffering. It is known that Mengele died in Brazil in 1979 of a stroke.

Japan Nuclear Disaster 1/3

Japan's March 11 earthquake/tsunami-caused nuclear disaster affects millions of people regionally and throughout the Northern Hemisphere. But you'd never know it from most major media reports, downplaying an unfolding catastrophe.
In fact, distinguished experts like Helen Caldicott long ago warned of inevitable nuclear disasters, especially in seismically active areas. On May 23, 2004, The Japan Times contributor Leuren Moret headlined, "Japan's deadly game of nuclear roulette," saying:
"Of all the places in all the world no one in their right mind would build scores of nuclear power plants, Japan would be pretty near the top of the list."
"Japan sits on top of four tectonic plates....and is one of the most tectonically active regions of the world. (There) is almost no geologic setting in the world more dangerous for nuclear power than Japan."
In 2004, Kobe University Seismologist/Professor Katsuhiko Ishibashi called the situation then "very scary. It's like a kamikaze terrorist wrapped in bombs just waiting to explode."

 

American cities like New York have no credible evacuation plans in case of nuclear disasters. Neither does Japan, its Fukushima response a clear example. In fact, however, there's no adequate plan possible in cases of catastrophic nuclear events. How and to where do you transfer millions of people. Abandoning the technology alone can work, a possibility not considered, at least not so far.

Japanese nuclear engineer Yoichi Kikuchi told Moret about serious longstanding safety problems at Japanese nuclear facilities, including cooling system cracks in pipes from reactor vibrations. Operators are thus "gambling in a dangerous game to increase profits and decrease government oversight," he said.
Former GE senior field engineer Kei Sugaoka agreed, saying:
"The scariest thing, on top of all the other problems, is that all the nuclear power plants are aging, causing a deterioration of piping and joints which are always exposed to strong radiation and heat."
As a result, Moret, like Caldicott, said:
"It is not a question of whether or not a nuclear disaster will occur in Japan (or most anywhere); it is a question of when it will occur," and if catastrophic enough, perhaps nothing can be done to contain it.
Moreover, all radiation, especially large amounts, is harmful, cumulative, permanent and unforgiving. Yet lunatic fringe, self-styled "nuclear experts" like Ann Coulter told Fox News host Bill O'Reilly that a "growing body of evidence (shows radiation) is actually good for you and reduces cases of cancer." Even O'Reilly reacted skeptically to the "hormesis" notion. Wikipedia calls it:
"the term for generally-favorable biological responses to low exposures to toxins and other stressors," including radiation.
Other toxins aside, no amount of radiation is safe. In her book "Nuclear Madness," Helen Caldicott explained:
"Lower doses of radiation can cause abnormalities of the immune system and can also cause leukemia five to ten years after exposure; (other) cancer(s), twelve to sixty years later; and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies in future generations."

5 greatest nuclear disaster in the world

 

Japan to improve the status of the Fukushima nuclear plant hazard level 4 to level 5, based on an international scale of nuclear danger. This status is similar to the nuclear crisis that hit the Three Mile Island, United States, 1979 last. But it is still below the level of nuclear accident of Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986. Here's worst nuclear disaster of all time:

1. Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986: Plant after the explosion of four trials, which caused a fire for 9 days and released at least 100 times higher than the radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Five people died instantly, but according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the accident killed about 4000 people.

2. Kyshtym, Russia, 1957: Errors in the cooling system at Mayak plant explosion that resulted in the release of non-nuclear 80 tons of radioactive material. Approximately 10,000 people evacuated after there were reports of people melting the skin. At least 200 dead

3. Three Mile Island, United States, 1979: Cooling at the Pennsylvania plant is not functioning to cause the most in a single plant were destroyed and caused the release of radioactivity in small quantities. Approximately 140,000 people were evacuated, but no reports have been killed or injured

4. Windscale, England, 1957: Britain's first nuclear power core which radioactive material burned off. This incident caused 240 cases of cancer

5. Tokaimura, Japan, 1999: A number of high-level uranium enrichment results prepared by workers who do not qualify trigger nuclear reactions. Two workers were killed, 100 local workers and residents exposed to radioactive threatened.

Laughing "Help" Extend age Longer

 

 

Laughing! An easy thing and look trivial is not it? But who would have thought laughing and happiness can help prolong your life longer.


After reviewing dozens of studies of longevity, the scientists concluded that people who do not currently have a disease, when laughing and have a positive outlook on life will have aged much longer.

Reviews more than 160 studies found evidence that links an optimistic outlook for a healthy life, even stronger than that linking obesity with reduced longevity.


As quoted from page Telegraph, happiness does not extend the life of the people who are terminally ill, but it really can extend the life of the people who are still healthy. For a healthy, happiness seems to function as a protective someone from the disease.

Another possible mechanism is that happiness will encourage someone to adopt a healthy lifestyle. Meanwhile, the acute unhappiness will cause stress which in turn will reduce the immune response.

Scientists from the University of Illinois found a positive mood reduce stress-related hormones and enhance immune function.

Their study published in the journal Applied Psychology Health and Welfare, found happiness lead to faster recovery from exercise.

11 things that can make a baby smile

Some babies are already basically very friendly and happy smile. However, some others need a little "temptation" to make him smile. Here are the things that can make your baby smile at you.

1. Hide and seek
This is the most preferred action baby. Use a favorite blanket to hide your face, then Startle he appears suddenly, or just use your hands. Mild surprise will make her smile if not out loud.

2. Blow stomach
Babies are very like the touch. Blowing wind with your mouth stick will cause the sounds and feeling of tingling in his skin. Do this to the abdomen, hands, or soles of his feet. Soon, he will try to follow you to do the sounds with his own mouth.

3. Pretend to eat fingers and toes
Babies love when parents pretend to suck his fingers, even children aged 2 years also like to be treated like this.

4. Make bubbles
Babies are very interested in interesting shapes floating bubbles. If you see a class of little babies are blown balloon, you'll see the babies will try to reach these bubbles and hold it. Make sure the inflatable bubble material that is safe for your baby. Usually blow bubbles can be played with the children who are old enough.

5. Joint family
Babies will feel more comfortable when he could see other family members. Whether it's his brother, father, grandfather, or grandmother, but make sure not too crowded. Sounds that are too crowded can make it feel uncomfortable or too noisy.

6. Movement kidding
Babies love attention, and play in front of your face no matter how embarrassing, he would smile and laugh. Even sneezing in front of him could make him laugh, amused. No wonder many parents play stupid and weird faces in front of her son.

7. Favorite character
Children love toys, fluffy, light-colored, and may be emitted sounds funny. No wonder Elmo doll that can remove noises sold in the market. Dolls of favorite characters will make baby smile.

8. Songs and music
Babies love music and songs. "Repetition is the key to making your child knows and likes his music," explained Dr. Natalie Geary, a pediatrician from New York. Babies love to see, do, and hear at the same time so they can release a sense of upset and may have experienced and try something she exclaimed. If you smile and look happy of a song or a game, then kept repeating, over time he would like too.

9. Pets
Besides dolls, pets was also able to make a child smile. However, for infants who are still too small, it is not advisable to bring it closer to pets. Because the baby still has no immunity that can fight a lot of germs or viruses. Enough to make him see the animals from a distance only.

10. Imitate animal sounds
Babies love to hear funny voices. Try to follow the sounds of various animals, like the sound of horses, pigs, birds, or monkeys. Let your child, your spouse also may be part of it laughing.

11. If all fails, it's time tingly
Tingly baby gently can definitely make her smile and laugh. It is also important to build ties touch and closeness. The touch is important to make the baby know that the people who really keep her focus, she will feel safe and comfortable.

8 things that can make you forgetful

Often forgotten and difficult to remember something? Could be, there is a problem that makes your brain recording system is disturbed.



If you have a habit of forgetting should not be underestimated. Find out what causes you easily forget the past eight the following signs:

1. High blood sugar levels
Storage memory can be disrupted due to high blood sugar. Beware, this condition can interfere with the brain associated with memory. If you have a family history of diabetes, you should control your sugar intake. Do also test blood sugar regularly.

And do not forget to keep a healthy diet and stay active. Walking is one effective alternative to prevent diabetes.

2. Less Rest
Brains rely on sleep activities to keep the new memory. In one study, respondents who sleep six hours a night for two weeks might not feel the lack of sleep. However, after the memory tests substantially, a result they are difficult given the short-term memory.

Sharpen your memory with a priority of adequate rest. If you can not, try doing a short sleep for six minutes while the body feels tired. This method can improve performance and lead to important memory processes in the brain.

3. Snore
Snoring can not only interfere with sleep quality, but also can reduce memory. Snoring during sleep, your airway will be blocked, so the cutting oxygen a few seconds at a time and causes the brain cells 'hunger'.

According to studies, men were more frequent snoring than women. And, other risk factors, this habit could arise due to being overweight or aged over 40 years.

Well, if you or your spouse have a habit of snoring, you should consult your doctor. You may need to wear special devices to cope with snoring during sleep for the flow of oxygen can pass into the brain. That way, your memory can be increased again.

4. Metabolism decreases
If this happens, chances are you have a thyroid problem. Thyroid hormones control the body's metabolism. If the production is too much or too little can disrupt brain cells, which can slow the entry of information into the brain. Solution: do not hurt you to see her doctor to solve this problem.

5. More than 65 years of age
At this age, humans will be more difficult to absorb vitamin B12 from food. Serious B12 deficiency can cause Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Therefore, seiringnya gets older, do consult with your doctor to find out how to increase your intake of B12, for example with the supplements. Besides the elderly, vegetarians adherents also often deficient in vitamin B12. \

6. Depressed
Patients with major depression also experienced a disruption in brain cells. In fact, when the depression lasts, there is the possibility of this condition can kill brain cells, causing memory 'degenerate'.

The solution, immediately seek treatment. The reason, more and more brain cells are 'missing', memory will become increasingly difficult to increase.

7. Eating allergy medication or sleeping pills
Drugs to cope with problems such as insomnia, allergies, and impaired planning, it also can cause impaired brain function. Thus, before taking this medication should consult your doctor for your memory does not go distracted.

8. Too much consumption of drugs
If the consume five or more drugs, you are a higher risk of memory disorders. Therefore, make sure your doctor knows all medications you consume. If a pharmacy ads look tempting, do not immediately tempted. We recommend minimizing the consumption of OTC drugs or only in accordance with the prescription drug consumption.

7 hardest question for scientist

According to British reports, along with technological development and social progress of society, people have a deeper knowledge of a large number of nature happenings. But to some other questions remained until now scientists are still unable to give answers and explanations. Like:
1. Do dogs have a sense of humor?
Scientists studied the intelligence of animals, they increasingly recognize such a view: animal behavior is not just react instinctively, but a subconscious reaction, the substance of their thinking makes it have the ability to feel love, anger, sadness and joy and even a sense of humor through the sensor organs.
For example, researchers have found, that elephants can recognize themselves in mirrors (many children who may not be able to do as such) orang utan (or perhaps some birds) can learn a number of beginning-level language and make a complicated equipment.



It is conceivable, if the bird can make a hook (hook) with electric wire, to be used to associate the food from the can, then is not so cruel when using them as an experiment that torture?
2. What about the origins of life?
If you want to make a biologist, you simply ask how the origin of life. Since 150 years ago, Darwin was thinking and he thinks that all life on earth comes from the "prebiotic soup". But until now, we're still thinking about the origins of life.
We do not know the variety of knowledge relating to the origin of life, such as how the first, where and when life began, and what is life from life to death took place only once or repeatedly, and so forth.
Some scientists suspect that life came from underground, or around the lips volcano. Medium other scientists suspect, that a single microbe was the ancestor of all living things on earth. Less is more in the 3 billion years ago, when Mars was warm and moist, while Earth is only a cold desert, this single microbes fly to Earth along with the crushed rock explosion of the planet Mars. According to this view, means that we are all human beings from the planet Mars. But until now, all these allegations have never been proven. So can not convince people. The origin of life, most likely represents the most enigmatic mysteries of the universe.
3. What is the inner reaction just nonsense?
Most scientists say do not believe with abnormal phenomena, because these phenomena are normal and not violate the principle can be explained through experiments. But if we can say that crystal therapy (using crystal energy for "Magnetic Field organism" human body back in a state of "balanced" and the inner reaction that is nonsense?)
"The phenomenon of abnormal" include power Gamma (δ), "spiritual", a new era babble (New Century), horoscopes, divination cards / tarot, scientists have reason assume that the abnormal phenomenon is a pseudo science. But scientists on the contrary, they are careful and rational in science, often publish their latest research findings in leading Science magazine. "
But when the crystal therapy and technique is believed horoscope only as an entertainment and not a science, then what about the inner reaction, acupuncture therapy and hypnosis techniques? This still needs to be studied scientifically. And of course, thought the reaction might also be evidenced as a bird news, who knows? no matter what the outcome, should attempt to discover the real facts.
4. What time is it?
If you want to make a physicist, ask him: "What is time?" Because, we will not know the answer.
There is a rumor that said, time is a magical weapon that prevents any objects of nature activities simultaneously. Time can define our lives, because we rely on time to measure life. But in terms of what it is time, we just like the ancients, also did not know anything. And of course, this does not mean we do not know what has been done time. Physicists like Einstain, where in the characteristics of the view that the time had. So we can give a sign at the time, and enter into the equation are not the same, so that we can examine a large number of phenomena and draw conclusions.
However, this can not yet tell us exactly what time. Is it a "river" that flows from the past to the future? if yes, then the river is it? What pushed him to move and based on what the current speed of the river flows? if time is a river, what can flow onto the river through this? and whether we can completely stop the flow of this river flowing?
Fiction novelist says it allows. What we wonder is, physicists also think like this. But before we create a time machine, we should know very well against a difficult time at the touch and easy to disappear in this glance. Until the last day, we will uncover the mysteries of this mysterious. But if so, it certainly would appear even more mystery. Perhaps the only consolation is decent, if one day we can reveal all mysteries, and if it is really solved, then everything would be bland.
5. Why obesity from increasing day by day?
At 100 years ago, in the world there is hardly a single case of obesity, for 100 years, obesity has become a crisis that no unmatched in the history of human disease. If calculated according to the current situation, we are getting overweight.
Because obesity is very clear: eating too much, lack of exercise. But the condition is not as simple as this. First rarely know, in a large number of countries "obesity" in the west, such as the United States, the heat thrown people far less heat than is spent on people 50 years ago. Compared with those in 1950 ago, we rarely walk, which replace the large number of motor vehicles. Obesity began to flourish since 1980, compared to when it is, sports are much less done.
A large number of scientists are convinced that behind the proliferation of obesity must be buried a deep mystery. Some scientists have said that obesity may be caused by a virus, or can be explained by genetic science.
6. Do people can stay young?
What can we stay young? possibly can, maybe not. Prevent aging is one thing that most do not like to talk to scientists, because this can cause a series of problems such as moral and logic, or the things that real headache.
First, in reality we do not know what aging actually is. In our view, when we are old, or the physical body itself will also go dark. But the fact is not so. First 20 years of age our lives, our physical day by day increasingly contain and strong, the function of our bodies we are becoming more and more effective, more powerful disease-fighting capabilities. However, why in the days following (older), it becomes very opposite?
According to evolutionary theory of aging, why does the function of our bodies begin to experience aging is estimated at 30-50 years old men will die from cold, hunger and death in wild tiger's mouth and so forth. But if we can not live so long, we did not need evolution, to deal with pain during old age. But this can not explain, where when we get old, what changes have changed the "clock" gene, so that makes our skin becomes dry, a white hair, bones become brittle. Only after we find out exactly what caused this change only allows to take measures against aging.
But we will face a moral issue: are we willing to live in a world that human beings will not be old forever? or in other words, are we really willing to live in a world like that if only a small number of elite society that just fortunate to be able to enjoy this ageless treatment?
7. A minute ago I do the same with me now?
"Do I still like a minute ago?" This sounds like a very strange question! But this is one of the most troublesome problem in the whole world of science and philosophy. That is a matter of recognition of identity. On the surface, the answer clearly is: "it is definitely, I'm the same person in a minute ago. But try again ponder for a moment. "
10 minutes ago, all the things that made every cell in your brain is totally different from the things that made your brain cells now. Every few years ago, your body is almost completely replaced once. Does Cutty Sark can be made back with a new timber and a variety of new components, whether it will exactly match the Cutty Sark which sailed over the sea at it 150 years ago? Against this, the answer purification theory is: "No". That way, you are no longer your childhood was. This question shows, that our consideration of the individual is always in contradiction with the real atmosphere going on. And how do we recognize the identity of one same person, whether based on DNA or other something more nebulous again?