Candiru, The Amazon's Most Feared Fish

Maximum Length: Up to 6 inches
The Amazon's Most Feared Fish: The Candiru is a terrifying fish, even when stacked up against its fellow river monsters of the Amazon. But this parasitic freshwater catfish does not instill fear by way of its monstrous size. On the contrary, it's small, eel-like and so translucent that it can be nearly impossible to spot in the water, which makes it even more terrifying. Some claim this fish is the most feared in the entire Amazon region, and the fear stems from the fact that it has a knack for finding open orifices and working its way inside. Once inside another organism, the Candiru feeds on its host's blood, becoming increasingly swollen. The Candiru is the star of an urban legend — which turns out to be true — of a man who was urinating in the Amazon River when a 6-inch Candiru swam up his urine stream into his penis. The fish remained there for days, until a surgeon was able to remove it. The Most Horrific Candiru: Perhaps the most horrifying Candiru species of all is the Candiru asu. This small catfish is a voracious parasite. It uses its circular mouth and sharp teeth to bite flesh and then enter organisms, leaving behind a wound that looks uncannily like a bullet hole. The Candiru asu proceeds to feed on the organs, literally eating its victim from inside. Human corpses have been discovered in the Amazon filled with more than 100 of these river monsters. Scientists and coroners have determined that the victims may have even been alive and simply incapacitated when the Candiru asu struck. In Jeremy Wade's Words: "The candiru usually targets a big fish as its host, drinking blood from its gills, but occasionally they make mistakes. This has resulted in one of the most infamous legends to emerge from the Amazon: a man urinating in the river who has a fish swim up his penis."

Passive Smokers, Hypertension Vulnerable

A study showed, children affected by cigarette smoke are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure.


"Children are classified as passive smokers, particularly men, are more susceptible to high blood pressure compared with girls," said researchers in a study reported by the Daily Mail.
In the first study, researchers found that boys who breathe secondhand smoke at home may experience high blood pressure increased significantly. However, in girls, passive smoking seems to be associated with decreased blood pressure.
Research involving more than 6,400 children shows that, boys aged 8-17 years who are exposed to tobacco smoke have blood pressure that is significantly higher than those who do not inhale cigarette smoke.
Smoke exposure was associated with systolic blood pressure, which is associated with a spike in blood each time the heart contracts.
U.S. researcher Dr. Jill Baumgartner, of the University of Minnesota, said the finding supports some previous research that suggests that something about the female sex can offer protection from harmful vascular changes due to exposure to secondhand smoke.
While the blood pressure of children who live with smokers increased by 1.6 millimeters of mercury in boys, but decreased to 1.8 millimeters in girls.
"While the increase in blood pressure observed among boys in our study may not be clinically meaningful for an individual child, they have major implications for the population," said Dr Baumgartner.
Dr. Baumgartner added, the relationship between exposure to second hand smoke and blood pressure were observed in our study provides further incentive for the government to support the smoking ban and other laws that protect children from secondhand smoke.
In the meantime, the findings presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies annual meeting in Denver, Colorado, U.S. states, researchers analyzed data from four health surveys conducted between 1999 and 2006 by the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

Alien vs Ninja (2010)

Quality: DVDRip

Release Date: July 2011 (Japan)

Info: imdb.com/title/tt1592503/

Trailer: youtube.com/watch?v=lSlWk6X-Urg

Starring: Mika Hijii, Ben Hiura and Shûji Kashiwabara

Uploader indofiles team

SINOPSIS

Once a while in Japan, there is a group of soldiers from clans Iga Ninja. One day, when they (Yamata, Jinnai, and a Ninja ridiculous) back from the battle to their village, they saw a giant fireball in the sky is falling toward earth. They are investigating where the fall of the ball of fire. They thought it was a secret weapon created by their enemies. Arriving at the place last fall ball of fire, they found the charred chunks of land. They returned to the village, reported this incident. The elders then decided to attack the ninja who they consider to have been attacked them. On the way, they are the ninja was surprised by something that is fast with instant kill, cut, cut them. Berucucuran blood, pieces of bodies strewn. Who are they? Ninja what hit them with remarkable speed. Yamata, Jinnai, Rind and two other Ninja beings trying to survive the attack or the ninja who attacked them. Yamata found a village boy who looks frightened. The young man said that his village was attacked terrifying creatures that make all pendudukanya killed pathetic. None left. They were amazed to see creatures that have never seen before with claws and fangs. Alien slick come prepared to attack them. Yamata and her friend had tried to attack him, but overwhelmed by the creature is very strong. Yamata and soldiers vowed to avenge the death of their comrades and their lives. And the fight begin.

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Baba Vanga Predictions

A turning point in her life was a twister which lifted Vanga up and threw her in the field (this claim has not been verified with meteorological records or other accounts from that time). She was found after a long search–very frightened, and her eyes were covered with sand and dust, so she couldn't open them because of the pain.

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Baba Vanga was a Bulgarian alleged clairvoyant. She convinced many followers that she possessed paranormal abilities.

Predictions:

2010 – World War III. War will begin in November 2010 and end in October 2014. Will begin as usual, then nuclear will be used initially, and then chemical weapons.

2011 – As a result of the fallout of nuclear fallout in the northern hemisphere will not be any animals or vegetation. Then Muslims will wage war against chemical surviving Europeans.

2014 – Most people will suffer skin cancer and other skin diseases (a consequence of chemical warfare).

2016 – Europe almost lonely (empty).

2018 – New China becomes a world power. Developing countries in turn operated from exploiters.

2023 – A little bit of change in the Earth’s orbit.

2025 – Europe still little settled.

2028 – Creating a new energy source (probably a controlled thermonuclear reaction). Hunger is gradually being overcome. Launched a manned spacecraft to Venus.

2033 – The polar ice are melting. Greater levels of the oceans.

2043 – The world economy is thriving. In Europe, Muslims rule.

2046 – any bodies (organs) can be manufactured (cloning?). Replacing the bodies is becoming one of the best methods of treatment.

2066 – During the attack on the Muslim Rome, the United States used a new kind of weapon – the climate. The sharp cooling (instant freezing).

2076 – Classless Society (communism).

2084 – The restoration of nature.

2088 – A new disease – aging for a few seconds!

2097 – The rapid aging defeated.

2100 – Artificial sun illuminates the dark side of the Earth.

2111 – People become living robots.

2123 – The war between small nations. Big nations do not intervene.

2125 – Hungary will receive signals from space.

2130 – Colony under water (with the help of sympathetic councils).

2164 – Animals turn half-human.

2167 – A new religion.

2170 – Major drought.

2183 – A colony on Mars becomes a nuclear power, and demands independence from the Earth (like when – the United States from England).

2187 – Will stop 2 large eruption of volcanoes.

2195 – Sea Colony fully developed, abundant energy and food.

2196 – Complete mixing of Asians and Europeans.

2201 – At the Sun slowing thermonuclear processes. Temperature drops.

2221 – In the search for extraterrestrial life, humanity comes into contact with what – something terrible.

2256 – Spacecraft forgotten to Earth terrible new disease.

2262 – Planets gradually changing planetary orbit. Mars is threatened by comets.

2271 – Restart physical constants are changed. (Laws of physics changed?)

2273 – Mixing yellow, white and black races. New race.

2279 – Power from nothing (probably from a vacuum or a black hole).

2288 – Travel back in time (Time Travel invented?). New contacts with aliens.

2291 – The sun cools. Attempts were being made to light it again.

2296 – Powerful eruption on the Sun. Changing the force of gravity. Beginning to fall old space stations and satellites.

2299 – In France, guerrilla movement against Islam.

2302 – New important laws and secrets of the universe revealed.

2304 – Secrets of the Moon revealed.

2341 – Something terrible is approaching Earth from space.

2354 – An accident in one of the artificial Sun leads to drought.

2371 – The great famine.

2378 – A new fast-growing race.

2480 – 2 artificial Suns collide. Land in the twilight.

3005 -The war on Mars. Violated the trajectory of the planet.

3010 – Comet hits Moon. Around the Earth – ring/zone of the stones and dust.

3797 – By this time on Earth killed all life, but mankind will be able to lay the foundations for a new life in another stellar system.

3803 – A new planet is populated by little. Fewer contacts between people. Climate new planet affects the organisms of people – they mutate.

3805 – The war between humans for resources. More than half of people dying out.

3815 – The war is over.

3854 – The development of civilization virtually stops. People live flocks as beasts.

3871 – New prophet tells people about moral values, religion.

3874 – New prophet receives support from all segments of the population. Organized a new church.

3878 – along with the Church to re-train new people forgotten sciences.

4302 – New cities are growing in the world. New Church encourages the development of new technology and science.

4302 – The development of science. Scientists discovered in the overall impact of all diseases in organism behavior.

4304 – Found a way to win any disease.

4308 – Due to mutation people at last beginning to use their brains more than 34%. Completely lost the notion of evil and hatred.

4509 – Getting to Know God. The man has finally been reached such a level of development that can communicate with God.

4599 – People achieve immortality.

4674 – The development of civilization has reached its peak. The number of people living on different planets is about 340 billion. Assimilation begins with aliens.

5076 – A boundary universe. With it, no one knows.

5078 – The decision to leave the boundaries of the universe. While about 40 percent of the population is against it.

5079 – End of the World.

7 Medical Worst Crime In History

 The progress of medical science can indeed save a life, but sometimes experiment conducted by scientists violate existing ethics. This is her seventh worst medical experiments involving human subjects.

As quoted by LiveScience, Friday (17/12/2010) there are 7 worst in the history of medical experimentation involving humans as subjects, namely:
1. Tuskegee Study
 

The study lasted for 40 years. According to the Center for disease control and prevention of the U.S., the health department launched a research on the health effects of untreated syphilis. Unfortunately this is not known to the participants, whether they received treatment or not syphilis.
Researchers track the progression of the disease in 399 black men in Alabama, including 201 healthy men. Scientists reveal the participants that diriya being treated as a 'bad blood'. These participants had never received adequate treatment, even until 1947 when penicillin became the choice of drugs for treating syphilis.

2. Studies of syphilis in Guatemala

  Between the years 1946-1948, the U.S. government and the Guatemalan conduct a joint study by deliberately infect syphilis in prisoners in Guatemala and the patient in a mental hospital. This study aims to test the chemicals that can prevent the spread of disease.
Researchers trying to infect the subject by way of him having sex with a prostitute who had been infected. Although syphilis was given the drug penicillin, but found no further treatment for these patients.
3. Surgical experiments on slaves
 

  People of modern gynecology, J Marion Sims much gain fame by performing experimental surgery on slave women. Sims experimented surgery without anesthesia (partial anesthesia has not been found), but he revealed that it was not painful enough. Whereas in the Journal of Medical Ethics written in 1993 to experiment with humans is not acceptable.
4. Burke and Hale's murder
 

  Until the 1830s the execution murders are relatively rare, so many experts anatomy of the human body to take or buy from the robbers. Until finally William Hale and his friend William Burke opened the entrepreneurial lodging and sell the body to be sold on the anatomist. As a result of these crimes Burke later hanged for his crimes.
5. The Monster Study
 

  In 1939 researchers wanted to prove the theory that stuttering behavior is caused by the anxiety of a child to speak. The researcher sat with the children orphans and said that these children show signs of stuttering and should not speak unless sure I can speak properly. This experiment makes the child that was normal to be anxious and became silent.
6. Japan's Unit 731
 

  Throughout the 1930s until the 1940s, the Japanese imperial army to do medical tests and biological warfare against the civilian population and most of China. The death toll from this brutal experimental unknown, but there may be 200,000 people.
The study involved infected wells cholera, typhus, lice and the prisoners lined up in cold weather to determine the best treatment for frostbite. Other atrocities were blindfolded prisoners with poison gas, and then inserted into the room until his eyes out and membedahnya while still alive and conscious.
7. Nazi medical experiments
 

  Perhaps the notorious experiments of all time is carried out by Josef Mengele, an SS doctor at Auschwitz, and he collects the eyes of the victims of his patients. These experiments using prisoners to test the treatment of infectious diseases and chemical warfare. While others are forced into low-pressure frozen in a room as a trial flight.

Meanwhile, an ad apula experiment with how to tie a woman's breasts with rope so that researchers bus amelihat how long a baby can survive with the hunger. Until finally the baby injected with lethal morphine to end his suffering. It is known that Mengele died in Brazil in 1979 of a stroke.

Japan Nuclear Disaster 1/3

Japan's March 11 earthquake/tsunami-caused nuclear disaster affects millions of people regionally and throughout the Northern Hemisphere. But you'd never know it from most major media reports, downplaying an unfolding catastrophe.
In fact, distinguished experts like Helen Caldicott long ago warned of inevitable nuclear disasters, especially in seismically active areas. On May 23, 2004, The Japan Times contributor Leuren Moret headlined, "Japan's deadly game of nuclear roulette," saying:
"Of all the places in all the world no one in their right mind would build scores of nuclear power plants, Japan would be pretty near the top of the list."
"Japan sits on top of four tectonic plates....and is one of the most tectonically active regions of the world. (There) is almost no geologic setting in the world more dangerous for nuclear power than Japan."
In 2004, Kobe University Seismologist/Professor Katsuhiko Ishibashi called the situation then "very scary. It's like a kamikaze terrorist wrapped in bombs just waiting to explode."

 

American cities like New York have no credible evacuation plans in case of nuclear disasters. Neither does Japan, its Fukushima response a clear example. In fact, however, there's no adequate plan possible in cases of catastrophic nuclear events. How and to where do you transfer millions of people. Abandoning the technology alone can work, a possibility not considered, at least not so far.

Japanese nuclear engineer Yoichi Kikuchi told Moret about serious longstanding safety problems at Japanese nuclear facilities, including cooling system cracks in pipes from reactor vibrations. Operators are thus "gambling in a dangerous game to increase profits and decrease government oversight," he said.
Former GE senior field engineer Kei Sugaoka agreed, saying:
"The scariest thing, on top of all the other problems, is that all the nuclear power plants are aging, causing a deterioration of piping and joints which are always exposed to strong radiation and heat."
As a result, Moret, like Caldicott, said:
"It is not a question of whether or not a nuclear disaster will occur in Japan (or most anywhere); it is a question of when it will occur," and if catastrophic enough, perhaps nothing can be done to contain it.
Moreover, all radiation, especially large amounts, is harmful, cumulative, permanent and unforgiving. Yet lunatic fringe, self-styled "nuclear experts" like Ann Coulter told Fox News host Bill O'Reilly that a "growing body of evidence (shows radiation) is actually good for you and reduces cases of cancer." Even O'Reilly reacted skeptically to the "hormesis" notion. Wikipedia calls it:
"the term for generally-favorable biological responses to low exposures to toxins and other stressors," including radiation.
Other toxins aside, no amount of radiation is safe. In her book "Nuclear Madness," Helen Caldicott explained:
"Lower doses of radiation can cause abnormalities of the immune system and can also cause leukemia five to ten years after exposure; (other) cancer(s), twelve to sixty years later; and genetic diseases and congenital anomalies in future generations."

5 greatest nuclear disaster in the world

 

Japan to improve the status of the Fukushima nuclear plant hazard level 4 to level 5, based on an international scale of nuclear danger. This status is similar to the nuclear crisis that hit the Three Mile Island, United States, 1979 last. But it is still below the level of nuclear accident of Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986. Here's worst nuclear disaster of all time:

1. Chernobyl, Ukraine, 1986: Plant after the explosion of four trials, which caused a fire for 9 days and released at least 100 times higher than the radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Five people died instantly, but according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the accident killed about 4000 people.

2. Kyshtym, Russia, 1957: Errors in the cooling system at Mayak plant explosion that resulted in the release of non-nuclear 80 tons of radioactive material. Approximately 10,000 people evacuated after there were reports of people melting the skin. At least 200 dead

3. Three Mile Island, United States, 1979: Cooling at the Pennsylvania plant is not functioning to cause the most in a single plant were destroyed and caused the release of radioactivity in small quantities. Approximately 140,000 people were evacuated, but no reports have been killed or injured

4. Windscale, England, 1957: Britain's first nuclear power core which radioactive material burned off. This incident caused 240 cases of cancer

5. Tokaimura, Japan, 1999: A number of high-level uranium enrichment results prepared by workers who do not qualify trigger nuclear reactions. Two workers were killed, 100 local workers and residents exposed to radioactive threatened.

Age of Ancient Bird Fossil Found in China

Although he was not as old as Archaeopteryx, which is believed to be the oldest bird species in the world today, a new fossil found in China was found in the intact condition. Body structure might provide new clues for scientists to study the life histories of birds from the age of dinosaurs to modern birds.

The fossil was found in the paelontolog China and Britain from the edge of the lake in the forest around the northern part of Hebei Province during the expedition in 2005-2006. The scientists gave the name which means Eoconfuciusornis zhengi Confucius bird.

"Eoconfuciusornis provide new piece in the puzzle of evolution from Archaeopteryx to be more advanced birds," said Zhou Zhong, co-author of the study report from the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology in Beijing.

Conditions are intact fossils probably because the bird is submerged into the lake and buried by sediment in the bottom of the lake in the Cretaceous Era between 120 million years until 131 million years. Over millions of years buried, their bodies undergo a process of fossilization and preserved in fossilized sediments.

His figure was very similar to modern birds with feathered wing shape and symmetrical arrangement of tail feathers. Fur color varies from brown and black that could be the actual color or changes color from blue, red, and yellow like a modern bird.

Characteristics are more like modern birds than Archaepteryx who still has the physical characteristics of dinosaurs, such as teeth and long bony tail. Bone and muscle structure also supports the ability to fly more nimble maneuvers. However, both may share the same weakness fly from a flat surface, so easy to attack the opponent.

The animal probably lived in trees and has a nail and a long tail feathers that are important to help balance the body while perched on the branch. He seemed to glide to the surface of the lake astute to catch fish as prey

Researchers Find Evidence of Mass Destruction in the Past

The fossil is believed to be evidence of mass destruction which occurred about 252 million years ago. 

 

Fossils of ancient dolphins found in Louping

At an excavation site in Luoping, Yunnan province, southwest region of China, researchers found almost 20 thousand fossils. The discovery of fossils in the number of very much this is tantamount to the discovery of a complete ecosystem. 

Reptiles, fish, and fossils of other marine life complete a number of smaller-sized fossils found earlier.

A collection of fossils was believed to be evidence of the mass destruction of living things on Earth, due to volcanic activity that occurred at the end of the Permian era, about 252 million years ago.

Mike Benton, Professor of Bristol University School of Sciences and Shixue Eearth Hu of the Chengdu China Geological Center said the limestone layer 16 meters thick protective of these fossils come from the past. "At that time, the South China still is a giant island that was slightly above the equator and has a tropical climate," he said.

"The discovery of fossils of land plants also indicate that this aquatic communities living near forest tree ferns," said Benton, as quoted by the Examiner, December 23, 2010.

The fossils were found, said Benton, with a very well kept, with more than half remained in complete condition, including soft tissue. "It seems they were protected by layers of microbes throughout the period that immediately closed the living body that not long after they die," he said.

Throughout its history during the last 4.5 billion years, the planet Earth has experienced several mass extinction events. However, quoted from RedOrbit, terrible events that befall the ecosystem in the Permian era took place in the scale of "not unprecedented" and cause the extinction of 96 percent of marine life and 70 percent of terrestrial vertebrates.

Only one in ten species survived and they became the basis of recovery of life in the next period, called the Triassic.

"The recovery of mass destruction seems to take between 1 to 4 million years," said Benton. "The incident at the end of the Permian is very powerful, killing about 90 percent of the species to ecosystems have nothing left to resume their lives," said Benton.

Currently, researchers focused on finding clues that could help them determine what species survived the incident at the end of the Permian era. Furthermore, the fossils 'treasure trove' of the Permian era, will be used by researchers to study how certain species can adapt and survive after experiencing a mass extinction.

Sea Lamprey. What is it??

Petromyzon Marinus, sea lamprey, sea eel or fish blood sucking leeches. (Thinkquest.org)

A number of Canadian researchers who study the whale's life trying to prove the theory that the sea eel attached to the whale's body for the ride is simply wrong.

Sea lampreys or Petromyzon Marinus (sea eel name it), often seen attached to the whale's body. This eel has a similar funnel mouth full of teeth and tongue like a razor blade.

From a few sightings, eels were seen attached to the humpback whales in the Pacific Ocean region. As for the northern Atlantic, he was often seen attached to the whale.

Based on a rare appearance, some scientists theorize that the sea lamprey feed on whale skin. Some other scientists believe that sea lampreys bite the whale so they can be delivered to distant places separated by oceans.

However, having studied at the St. Lawrence estuary, where the lake meets the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean in eastern Canada, researchers finally have the answer.

"Lampreys attached to the whale to bite deep into the skin to suck blood, not only sekadarn riding trip," said Ursula Tscherter, Project Director, Foundation for Marine Environment Research, as quoted by the BBC, January 19, 2010.

Tscherter mentioned, the number of minke whale sightings in the area of the St. Lawrence estuary enable this research. "Whereas before, stick leeches on the body of the whale species is not widely known," said Tscherter.

Researchers then took the photo when the whale's body looks, before and after the leech is attached.

From the photographs obtained, shows that in places that once attached by the eels were found injured and bleeding. "This is the first evidence that the parasite is eating of whale blood," said Tscherter.

Petromyzon Marinus, or often referred to as the vampire fish was first discovered by accident in the Great Lakes lake region in the 1800s. Just as salmon, sea lamprey was born in freshwater, migrate to sea as adults and return to freshwater to breed and die.

In some lakes in northern America, eel or leeches have also been considered as pests. In 1930 until the 1940s, Petromyzon Marinus responsibility as a trigger factor plunging fish populations.

Although not attack humans, but never were the case that a swimmer bitten and sucked her blood by petromyzon Marinus. Although not until the turn off, but the eel could be released after the swimmer was brought up onto land.

Now the researchers continue to observe the sea lamprey's life to understand more about the species to be able to control the population that continues to soar and threaten the survival of some species of fish.

The Origin Of HIV/AIDS

The debate over the origin of AIDS has been very interesting and disputed since the beginning of the epidemic. However, the danger of trying to identify where AIDS originated. People can use it as a matter of debate to blame a particular group or lifestyle. 

The first AIDS case was found in the U.S. in 1981, but these cases provide little information about the source of this disease. Now there is clear evidence that AIDS is caused by a virus known as HIV. So to find the source of AIDS we need to find the origin of HIV. 

The origin of HIV is not just about academic problems, because not only understand where it came from the virus but also how this virus is grown to be important to develop an HIV vaccine and more effective treatment. Also, knowledge about how the AIDS epidemic arose be important in determining the shape of the epidemic in the future as well as develop education and prevention programs are effective.

This type of virus is HIV?

HIV is part of a family or a group of viruses called lentiviruses. Lentiviruses such as HIV is found in a wide range of non-human primates. Another lentivirus, known collectively as the monkey virus known as SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) in which the subscript indicates the origin of species. 

So where HIV originated? Is HIV originated from SIV?

It is now generally accepted that HIV is a descendant of SIV. Specific SIV types similar to HIV-1 and HIV-2, two types of HIV.

For example, HIV-2 can be equated with the SIV found in sooty mangabey monkeys (SIVsm), sometimes known as green monkeys originating from western Africa.

The more virulent strains of HIV, namely HIV-1, until recently very difficult to be classified. Until 1999, the most similar is known SIV that infects chimpanzees (SIVcpz), but there are significant differences between SIVcpz and HIV.

So what happened in 1999? Are chimps now known as the origin of HIV?

In February 1999 it was announced that a group of researchers from the University of Alabama, in the U.S., has studied frozen tissue from a chimpanzee and find the type of virus (SIVcpz) is almost identical to HIV-1. Chimpanzees are from sub-group of chimpanzees known as Pan troglodyte troglodyte who once common in west-central Africa.

The researchers assert that this shows chimpanzees are the source of HIV-1, and this virus at some point crossed species from chimpanzees to humans. However, it is not clear whether the chimpanzee is the original source of HIV-1 because chimpanzees are rarely infected with SIVcpz. Therefore there is a good possibility chimps and humans are infected from a third party, namely a primate species that are still not recognizable. In any case, at least need two separate transfer to humans.

How is HIV can cross the species?

It has long been known that certain viruses can pass from animals to humans, and this process is known as zoonosis.

Researchers from the University of Alabama suggests that HIV can cross over from chimpanzees as chimpanzees kill and eat human flesh.

Several other theories are debated opinion that HIV moved in iatrogenic (caused by medical negligence party), for example through medical experiments. One well-circulated theory is that polio vaccines played a role in this movement, because the vaccine made using monkey kidneys.

But what is important in various kinds of theory is the question of when the transfer took place.

Is there a fact when the transfer took place?

Over the last few years allows not only to determine whether HIV is present in the blood, but also determine the virus subtype. Research on the virus subtype, of HIV infection in early cases may give clues about when HIV first attack humans and subsequent developments.

Three of the earliest HIV infection are as follows:

Examples of plasma (blood fluid) taken from an adult male who lived in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 1959.
HIV found in tissue samples from an African-American youth who died in St. Louis, USA, 1969.
HIV found in tissue samples from a Norwegian sailor who died around 1976.
The analysis conducted in 1998 on plasma samples from 1959 suggests that HIV-1 into humans around the 1940s or early 1950s, earlier than previously thought. Other scientists predict even longer, probably about 100 years ago or more.

What is known in which HIV in humans appear?

Now many people think because of HIV seen develop from one type of SIV found in chimpanzees in West African type, this means that HIV first appeared in humans in there. Then presumed that HIV spread from Africa to the world.

However, as discussed above, chimpanzees are not necessarily the original source of HIV and there is a possibility the virus crossed over to humans, more than one occasion. So perhaps also HIV arise at the same time in both South America and Africa, or even appear in the American continent before appearing in Africa.

We may never know exactly when and where the virus first appeared, but certainly at some time in the mid 20s this century, HIV infection in humans developed into a worldwide epidemic that is currently better known as AIDS .

What caused the epidemic spread of a sudden?

There are several factors that can support the deployment was so sudden, including international travel, blood industry, and drug use is widespread.

International Travel

The role played by international travel in the spread of HIV is highlighted in the case now known as 'Patient Zero' (original patients). Patient Zero was a Canadian citizen airplane steward named Gaëtan Dugas and the frequent travel throughout the world.Analysis of several cases of early AIDS-infected persons showed that these are people who have sex either directly or indirectly by this steward. These cases are found in several U.S. cities this shows the role of international travel in the spread of HIV. It also suggests that this disease may be caused by a substance spreader.

Blood Industry

While blood transfusions became a routine part of medical treatment, the blood industry to meet the demand for blood also increases. In some countries like the U.S., people who get paid to donate blood, including intravenous drug users. The blood obtained was then sent to the entire world. Also, in the late 1960s began to take advantage of hemophiliacs blood clotting, called Factor VIII.

To produce the clotting substances, the blood collected from thousands of donors that increase the likelihood of these products contaminated with HIV. Because Factor VIII spread around the world, there are likely many hemophiliacs exposed to new infections.

Use of Drugs

In the 1970s found increased availability of heroin along with the Vietnam war and other conflicts in the Middle East, which encourages the growth of injecting drug use.Increasing the provision and development tools, disposable plastic syringes and the construction of shooting gallery (where injecting drugs) where people can buy drugs and rent equipment to be another way of spreading the virus.

What other theories about the origin of HIV?

Other theories put forward about the origin of HIV, including the many conspiracy theories. Some people with HIV impressive made by the CIA, although others consider that the genetically engineered HIV. 

Original article: The Origin Of HIV

3 Most Deadly Weapons of Mass Destructions

Before we discuss more in about 3 weapons are weapons of mass destruction is let us forget about nuclear weapons, biology and chemistry, because this time around the world, especially the former conflict areas in Africa, the Middle East, Indochina, the Balkans and so on millions of children and innocent people killed by the weapons in military circles referred to as conventional weapons.

weapons such as cluster bombs, phosphorous bombs, napalm, bullets DU (Depleted Uranium), land mines are very popularly used in battle because in addition to an affordable price, this weapon also has a damaging effect is great enough, but in its development of these weapons precisely be a time bomb because the effects are felt in the post-war period.

some weapons like cluster bombs and land mines has indeed been banned by the UN to be produced and used in warfare, but the business interests of producer countries like the U.S., Israel, France, China, Russia and others have closed the eyes of the hearts of politicians and military experts in many countries to continue to use and produce these weapons. to our knowledge all of the following I present some details of the controversial weapons

1. Cluster Bomb

Cluster Bomb

Cluster bombs or cluster bombs or cluster bombs are bombs that have a unique mechanism whereby after launch from a fighter or bomber, the bomb will burst into hundreds of small bombs in the form of cans. This bomb was originally created to destroy air base runways, dispersing the concentration of ground troops being convoy.

produced by various names CBU / Cluster Bomb Units (United States), Belouga (France), Excalibur (United States). The bomb used in war Iraq, Afghanistan and the Arab-Israeli war.

2. Napalm Bomb

Napalm Bomb

Many nations protested when Indonesia used napalm bombs in Seroja operations in East Timor in the 70s, but on a larger scale the U.S. use these bombs in the conflict in Vietnam and Israel in the Yom Kippur war, but not many countries that protest.

technically napalm is a bomb fuel that contains certain chemical substances in paste form that will burn so bomb burst on the ground. pasta liquid will spread the flames in different directions and this bomb is very effective to destroy the hiding ground troops in the trenches or forest.

Napalm Bomb Effect

3. Bullet DU (Depleted Uranium)

Depleted Uranium (DU) Bullets

Depleted uranium bullets are the type of bullet that was developed from the results of Uranium waste dismantling nuclear bomb. literally means uranium depleted uranium radiation is attenuated. These bullets are very powerful and become the standard weapon cannon GAU-8 Avenger Gatling which brought A-10 aircraft as well as Bushmaster cannons on Bradley APC.

DU was also used to create the core bullets on Abrams tanks. effectiveness of this weapon can penetrate steel tanks which are very thick and this is evident in the Iraq war in which hundreds of Iraqi tanks become victims of this weapon. which makes this weapon is controversial uranium content of which turned out according to the research still emit dangerous levels of radiation in humans.

This prove in the case in Bosnia when some Italian soldiers suffering from leukemia a few days after using these bullets. in Iraq, the tanks were destroyed by a bullet it was emitting radiation that made wrecked tanks are not safe to be approached.